present in extended family and parish life. Youth fell prey to the temptations that abounded in the city.8 It was in this spiritual vacuum that there arose a number of ministries that were focused on reaching out to the youth of their time. The first wave of these ministries came in the form of the Sunday school. Robert Raikes (1735–1811) is the man credited with establishing the Sunday school. He was a prosperous businessman who owned and edited the Gloucester Journal. His heart